News You Can Bruise for 2013 September

Tue Sep 03 2013 14:13 August Film Roundup: Not the blockbuster month as I was anticipating—I missed all of the museum's big-name Pacino/de Niro movies due to other committments—but a lot of interesting movies, and movies that were uninteresting in interesting ways, among the nine I did see.

Baikonur (2011): Taking the logic of Star Wars to an extreme, Baikonur shows space travel in a dingy, lived-in future: the one we have now. And that part of the movie is awesome! But the plotline is creepy hurt/comfort nerd fantasy with a litle reactionary agrarianism thrown in. So I can't really recommend it. But there's no other movie that can match these spectacular visuals of Baikonur Cosmodrome, the city outside it, the Kazakhstan steppe, and actual Soyuz launches. It's your call.
As a bonus, I would like to quote this bit of trivia from Kim Newman's review from Screen Daily:
Wary of international cinema after Borat, the Kazakh authorities were evidently persuaded to support this effort by a strategic decision to cast the favourite grand-daughter of the President in a small, key role (which the little girl aces) in the climax.
You're A Big Boy Now (1966): Saw this as an experimental control. How much would I enjoy a movie if the old-school New York shabbiness was the only interesting thing about the movie? And I was foiled, because of course that's not the only interesting thing about Francis Ford Coppola's first movie. It's a raunchy sex comedy that looks exactly like a Disney film of the same period; say, The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes. There's a hilarious triangle of relationships between the main character and his parents. But... not a great movie, overall. Thumbs up for the Freudian automat comedy though.
Cotton Comes to Harlem (1970): This was more like it. "Con man posing as religious figure" is one of those tropes that gets me every time. It's got action, comedy, quotable lines, and of course classic location shoots.
Now, here's the thing. Like G.O.B. Bluth, I'm white. So when I watch a comedy made by black Americans for black audiences in the 1970s, I frequently find myself deciding "all right, I assume the filmmakers know what they're doing, I'm going to laugh at this." And yet feeling kind of nervous about laughing. This happened sporadically during Emma Mae back in February, and it happened pretty much throughout Cotton Comes to Harlem.
E.g. this movie has a white character idiotically try to disguise himself with blackface. The tactic is even less effective than when the Marx Brothers tried it in A Day at the Races. It's kinda funny even in 2013 because it's such an obviously dumb idea, not like A Day at the Races where you think Harpo's magic might allow it to actually work, but seriously movie, you're doing a blackface joke? Similarly for a lot of the humor about the cultural divide between urban and rural blacks. (Emma Mae sided with the hicks; Cotton Comes to Harlem is very pro-city, although most of its humor is at the expense of the city slickers.)
None of this is supposed to be particularly transgressive! It's a zany '70s studio-indie film. The contemporaneous Times review mentions the most jaw-dropping moment of the movie in a casual aside. But times have changed. If you made this film today it would be disjointed: half Hollywood-friendly buddy-cop stuff and half edgy in-your-face comedy.
The guest curator who introduced the movie said he thought director Ossie Davis shot his wad too early with the excellent car chase at the beginning of the movie. (Classic sight gag: guy in top hat and tails watches the car chase with glee, then pulls on white gloves and runs back into his storefront; turns out he runs the local funeral parlor.) And maybe so, but the movie ends with a fight scene in the Apollo Theater's prop room, and I think that's a pretty good bookend.
Bye Bye Braverman (1968): A ton of classic New York location shots in this movie, but they're not particularly grimy. Mostly in Brooklyn. And this is a hard movie to get into. I guess I'd compare it to Seinfeld: very Jewish, unapologetically New York, and not really caring whether you get the joke or not. Like, you're supposed to understand quite a lot about the four main characters based on which Manhattan neighborhood they live in. There's a brief bit of conversation that you might or might not notice as a throwaway joke about the class differences between the Times and the Daily News. And so on.
The stand-out bits are a young Jessica Walter in a minor role, and three show-stopping set-piece rants. The first two are by stand-up comics: Godfrey Cambridge (the funny man to Raymond St. Jacques's straight man in Cotton Goes to Harlem) as a cab driver, and Alan King as a rabbi delivering a eulogy. The third is a rambling, moving monologue by star George Segal, bringing the inhabitants of a cemetery up to date as a way of facing his own mortality. ("TV is really good... pollution is bad... we're going to the moon!... We discovered cures for some diseases that might have kept you alive a little longer; you're not really missing much.")
If you're the sort of 1960s Jewish intellectual depicted in this movie (as director Sidney Lumet clearly was) I'm pretty sure you'll enjoy it. But it doesn't have a lot of crossover appeal, the way a Woody Allen film does. I think I got most of the jokes, and it was still a tough slog for me.
Norman Mailer v Fun City, USA (1970) according to the Internet, this is a.k.a. "51st State" and "The Other Guys Are The Joke", and according to the program notes it's "Norman Mailer vs. Fun City", but I'm writing down exactly what I remember seeing on the title card, because there is almost no information about this film on the Internet. It has no IMDB page. It's like the VHS tape you discover at the beginning of a creepypasta. I could tell you anything about this film and you'd have to believe it. For instance:
Remember Norman Mailer's huge futurist Lego apartment building? Well, that model is the aesthetic linchpin of this movie which doesn't seem to exist! Director Dick Fontaine uses window reflections to superimpose the huge Lego structure onto the real-life New York skyline, blocking out the real buildings as Mailer explains his frankly insane vision for an 200-story apartment block that will house fifty thousand people, some of whom ought to be "adventurous" types interested in renting an apartment on the tip of one of the structures, which might sway five feet back and forth in a high wind.
It's a clear metaphor for Mailer's mayoral campaign and his Napoleon of Notting Hill-esque platform for making New York City the nation's 51st state, turning the neighborhoods into townships, and devolving the power of the mayor's office onto the townships. After the primary, in which Mailer gets a surprisingly high five percent of the vote, you see the Lego structure again, but this time there are no reflection tricks; perspective integrates the Lego building with the skyline behind it.
I tend to think of writers as introverts, but Norman Mailer is definitely an extrovert. And I think of smart extroverts as being natural politicians, but Mailer is a terrible politician. And the personality feature that makes him a terrible politician is the feature I recognize in him as a fellow writer. It's what led him to build that Lego model and to imagine a guy who's excited to rent an apartment where you have to bolt the furniture to the floor to keep it from sliding back and forth.
He hates being boring. He hates for things to be like they always have been. He thinks that he can win an election by making the election really interesting, so that the obvious next plot point is that he wins.
And he knows this about himself. From a museum-provided contextual interview that barely mentions the nonexistent movie it's contextualizing:
[B]eing in these kinds of things is never easy. At a certain point you go into overdrive and you feel something ugly in your ego functioning. You are selling something you don’t quite believe in. Why? To keep the movie moving and to keep it interesting so you aren’t a bore like other people you see in documentaries.

The other reason Norman Mailer is a terrible politician is that he constantly overrides the much better political operatives he somehow got to work his campaign. In particular, he has very bad judgement about radio ads. Just thought I'd mention that; a little freelance political criticism to go with the film review.
BTW, that interview also has this gem:
Did you feel afterwards that Don had any kind of obligation to put the camera down and intervene?
[Mishearing the question] I always assume God to be much too occupied. I see God as a tired general.
No, not God. Don. D.A. Pennebaker.
Oh! Boy, I thought we really getting into top gear fast.
Superfly (1972): Curator Warrington Hudlin started announcing this film in a dry sort of way, but in a Shakespearean move Paul Anthony (I'm pretty sure it was him, but not 100%) of House Party fame rose up out of the audience, interrupted Hudlin's speech, and demanded that he put on a '70s trenchcoat and a funkier hat, which loosened him right up. And that kind of set the stage for Superfly, a movie that strongly prioritizes style over substance.
It definitely has the style, capturing both the sleaze of the '70s streets and the tackiness of the middle-class '70s interior shots. But the substance... there's some good excitement at the end, and a great musical montage in which people of all races come together to buy cocaine from Priest; the sort of sardonic commentary that Breaking Bad also does really well. But most of what I remember is people driving around really slowly like they're looking for parking—a classic low-budget tell, as anyone who's watched a lot of MST3K knows.
I know not everyone shares my preference for comedy over drama, so I understand why Superfly is considered a proto-blaxploitation classic while I'd never even heard of Cotton Comes to Harlem. But I think it's a failing of Superfly that its grittiness never made as uncomfortable as did the lighthearted comedy of Cotton Comes to Harlem.
Little Murders (1971): I actually saw this movie when I was about fifteen! At least, I saw the first ten minutes. My mom showed me Harold and Maude and this movie, and I didn't think Harold and Maude was that interesting, but ten minutes into Little Murders I was like "Okay, Mom, this is too dark, turn it off." And then I saw it again this month and I was like "Oh, shit, it's this movie. I can't leave the theater or they'll think I'm a wuss. Well, I'm not fifteen anymore, I can take it."
And I can indeed take it, but seriously, this is probably the darkest movie I've ever seen. It's a zombie movie where it turns out the main character was a zombie the whole time, just waiting for everyone else to become zombies. If that's your cup of tea (and you won't be disappointed when it turns out I don't mean "zombies" 100% literally and Elliot Gould doesn't go shuffling around biting people in the head), here's your comedic nihilism-fest.
You may be wondering why my mother was showing this movie to her fifteen-year-old son. It's a good question, and the true answer will never be known, but I think there were two reasons. First, both this movie and Harold and Maude came out in 1971, when my mother was in college. I think she thought I was finally at a point where I could appreciate these movies the way she had, the way we had bonded over Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975) when I was about twelve. She was wrong, but these things happen.
Second, as I've alluded to before, as a kid I had serious emotional problems. Not something we need to talk about now, but definitely something to worry about if you're the parent of such a kid. And now that I've finally made it all the way through Little Murders, I think I see why my mom rented these particular movies. She was trying to show me that there are people with darkness within them, horrors that fifteen-year-old Leonard can't even imagine, but who are able to channel the darkness to creative ends and generally be productive members of society (screenwriter Jules Feiffer illustrated my beloved Phantom Tollbooth, for heaven's sake!), without "selling out" or closing their eyes to society's problems. So thanks for that, mom.
The Angel Levine (1970): I admit I wasn't expecting much from a movie that's literally about a Magical Negro sent to help a white guy. But an interesting thing happens: Harry Belafonte's character turns out to have agency! He doesn't want to be a guardian angel; he wants his old life back. He doesn't want to be dead. And he fails to get what he wants, like everyone else in this depressing-ass movie, but at least he tried. Throw in some more trope psych-outs, like making you think this is the kind of movie where no one else can see the angel, but no, everyone can see him, he was just using the bathroom during one scene; and you've won me over. It's definitely below this month's median, but if you need a cinematic antidote to It's A Wonderful Life, here it is.
On the scale of "use of classic New York grime in location shots", I would rate this movie: very poor. To quote Paul Zimmerman's Newsweek review, "[Director Ján] Kádar's unfamiliarity with New York shows. His camera views the city as if it were a tourist unwilling to wander too far from his hotel." Zero Mostel is great as always.
The World's End (2013): Loved it. I won't go into a lot of detail because there's a reasonable chance you're planning on seeing it in the theater, but it was really fun. My biggest complaint is it maybe needed one fewer main character.
After thinking about the Cornetto Trilogy as a whole, I went to IMDB and saw that the collective shares my opinion: all three movies are great, but Hot Fuzz is better than The World's End (7.9 vs. 7.8), and Shaun of the Dead (8.0) is better than Hot Fuzz. Honestly, at this point you know what to expect. You hear a bit of banter at the beginning of the movie, know that it precisely foreshadows the events of the movie, and it doesn't even matter. It's like knowing that Ulysses is based on the Odyssey. That's not a "spoiler"; it's the structure of the piece. We have here three great movies around two eternal themes: society as a threat to individuality, and the indestructable love between Simon Pegg and Nick Frost, regardless of who is playing the responsible one and who is playing the screwup.
In case you haven't had enough of my idiosyncratic approach to movie quality (and you probably haven't, or why are you reading this), consider the following: if I had to pick only one movie from the Cornetto Trilogy, it would be Hot Fuzz. Not Shaun of the Dead, which is definitely a better and more influential movie. Because Hot Fuzz is the movie that caters to my specific kink: stories about people obsessed with stories, to the point where they let the stories run their lives, who get to save the day when they're suddenly thrust into a situation where the rules from the stories are the only ones that apply.

This month and next the museum is showing every film Howard Hawks ever made, so search for his name on IMDB and prepare for the Cary Grant-fest. SEE IT BIG is also returning, and I'm looking forward to seeing the Howard Hawks Scarface on the 21st and then the Brian De Palma Scarface on the 22nd.

(2) Mon Sep 09 2013 13:39 RESTful Web APIs!: After about a year of work, my and Mike Amundsen's new book RESTful Web APIs is going to the printer. It's a replacement for RESTful Web Services, a book that's now seven years old. The replacement may be overdue, but it's only been in the past couple years that technology and attitudes have advanced to the point where I could write the book I wanted to write.

In fact, there's one subfield (profiles) where you could argue this book is premature. The way RESTful Web Services was a little premature in describing an OAuth-like system before OAuth was released. But I don't think we can wait any longer.

Back in February I discussed the differences between APIs and Services. That hasn't changed much, though we have added more stuff:

A chapter on Linked Data, the Semantic Web approach to REST.
A chapter on CoAP, the fabled "RESTful system that doesn't use HTTP", designed to connect embedded systems over low-power networks.
An appendix that explicates the Fielding dissertation from an API designer's perspective.

This post is mainly my way of asking you to pre-order your copy of RESTful Web APIs through my O'Reilly affiliate link. That's a hypermedia-driven change in resource state which will get you the book in a couple weeks, and get me some extra cash. (I estimate about $1.70 extra. Don't do this if the shipping charge on a physical book is prohibitive, or whatever.)

But this post is also a back-door way for me to brag about what a great book Mike and I have written. You don't have to take my word for it. Here's the blurb we got from John Musser of ProgrammableWeb.

A terrific book! Covers a lot of new ground with lots of valuable specifics.

Here's Steve Klabnick of Designing Hypermedia APIs:

The entire time I read this book, I was cursing. I was cursing because as I read each explanation, I was worried that they were so good that it would be hard to find a better one to use in my own writing. You will not find another work that explores the topic so thoroughly yet explains the topic so clearly. Please, take these tools, build something fantastic, and share it with the rest of the world, okay?

You get the picture. I've tried to recreate the relevatory experience a lot of people got from RESTful Web Services, on a higher level, in a way that gives access to more powerful tools. Time will tell if I've succeeded, but I don't think I, or anyone, could have done much better. I'm really proud of this book, and I hope it helps you.

Tue Sep 10 2013 15:35 Awesome Dinosaurs Update:

On Sunday I saw the 1926 Howard Hawks film Fig Leaves. I'll publish a full review in the roundup at the end of the month, but I couldn't wait to mention the dinosaurs! This movie (briefly) features two very cool-looking puppet dinosaurs. There's Adam's pet Apatosaurus, named Dobbin:

Exactly as depicted in Genesis 2.
More amazingly, there's also a budget-busting life-sized Triceratops that pulls a bus!

Awesome! Not gonna spoil the review, but the first reel of this movie used all the good Flintstones jokes, thirty-four years before The Flintstones even premiered. Except for the unfortunate bus dinosaur saying "It's a living." in a morose voice. And I'm sure that's just because the joke would be really awkward if you had to do it with title cards.

(Screen image simulated.)
If you share my belief that dinosaurs are the most interesting part of any movie that includes dinosaurs, you'll love Kevin Maher's deleted scene from King Kong.
A recent Ureddit course on narrative structure in short fiction used "Let Us Now Praise Awesome Dinosaurs" as one of its example stories. I thought this was a) a good choice, and b) pretty funny, because I deliberately wrote "Dinosaurs" to be opaque to traditional analyses of narrative structure.
If you'll forgive me being serious about a very silly story, here's what I mean. Nearly every plot event in "Dinosaurs" is a red herring. It's actually a New Yorker type story, in which a series of insane infernokrusher interventions leads to Entippa's epiphany that humans are exploiting dinosaurs' tendency to get involved in insane infernokrusher interventions for their own entertainment. (Those humans including, in a bit of Hitchcock-type moralizing, you for reading the story and me for writing it.)
I wrote the first scene to have something very close to a literal Chekhov's gun. It's Tark's gun, or at least his desire for a gun. Later on, Chekhov's gun goes off: Tark gets his gun! But as soon as the literal gun goes off, Tark discovers that literal guns are loud and painful, and he throws it away. The Chekhov's gun was fake. Sort of like the keys in my old text adventure Degeneracy, which don't unlock anything—you're supposed to melt them down for the metal.
But! In the Reddit thread dissecting "Dinosaurs" and the other example stories, the person running the class proves my intellectual superior. It turns out there was also a real Chekhov's Gun in that first scene: Tark's "killing claws", which are in fact used to kill someone later in the story, just like they would in a regular story about dinosaurs killing humans.
I didn't even notice that. I'd assumed the human-killing scene worked because everyone knows meat-eating dinosaurs have claws. I didn't even realize I'd made a big deal about the claws in the first scene. You win this round, literary analysis!

PS: Never forget.

Mon Sep 23 2013 14:28 RESTful Web APIs Monkeypatch: The RESTful Web APIs ebook came out earlier than we thought it would, and there are some important URLs in the book that don't work yet: the home page at restfulwebapis.org, and the example application at youtypeitwepostit.com. There's also one URL in the book (the book's GitHub repository) that will never work, because we wrote down the wrong URL.

I've submitted an erratum for the wrong URL, and I'm here to give you some temporary URLs that will work for the other stuff. They're temporary because Mike controls the DNS for restfulwebapis.org and youtypeitwepostit.com, and he's out of commission at the moment.

My lousy temporary home page. (Links to the other stuff.)
Sample application hosted on Heroku.
The correct GitHub repository.

(2) Wed Sep 25 2013 09:56 LCODC$SSU: At RESTfest last week I put on an old Mozilla shirt and my Al Gore campaign button and gave a talk from the year 2000: "LCODC$SSU and the coming automated web". I'll link to video when it goes up on Vimeo, and I'll also point to my five-minute talk about ALPS, which not only took five minutes to deliver, it took five minutes to put together.

But right now, there's some more stuff I want to say about "LCODC$SSU", and some stuff I couldn't say in the talk due to the framing device.

When I first mentioned this talk to Mike Amundsen, he told me about Bret Victor's talk from 1974, "The Future of Programming", which Victor gave in July and which had a similar conceit. Victor is also a much better actor than I am, but I went ahead with my talk because wanted to do something different with "LCODC$SSU" than happens in "The Future of Programming". I get a strong "You maniacs! You blew it up!" vibe from Victor's talk. And there's some of that at the end of "LCODC$SSU"—I really feel like we've spent thirteen years making five years worth of progress, as you can see from my frustration at the beginning of "How to Follow Instructions"—but I also wanted to do some new things in my talk.

While writing Appendix C of RESTful Web APIs I came to appreciate the Fielding dissertation as a record of the process used to solve an enormous engineering problem. Comments from RESTFest attendees confirm that seeing it this way helps folks grasp the dissertation's gem: the definition of LCODC$SSU (a.k.a. REST). Thinking about it this way doesn't require a historical-fiction framing device (Appendix C has no such framing device), but it does require you stop treating the Fielding dissertation as a prescient guide to the 21st century and see it as a historical record of the 1990s.

And once you do that, the missing stair we've been jumping over or falling through for thirteen years becomes visible. The Web works because it has four domain requirements that reinforce each other: low entry-barrier, distributed hypermedia, extensibility, and Internet scale. But there's also a fifth implicit requirement: the presence of a slow, expensive human being operating the client and making the final call on every single state transition. In the talk I identified the inverse of this implicit requirement as an explicit requirement: "machine legibility". In RESTful Web APIs we use the term "semantic gap" to describe what happens when you remove the implicit requirement.

Making the human unnecessary on a transition-by-transition basis (the goal of "Web APIs" as a field) is a really difficult problem, and it's partly because of the phenomenon I describe in the talk and in RWA Appendix C. Getting rid of the human raises the entry-barrier dramatically. Looking around for a cheap way to lower the entry-barrier, we decide to get rid of distributed hypermedia. But distributed hypermedia is the only thing that allows Internet-scale and extensibility to coexist! We must lose one or the other. We end up with an increasingly ugly system that can never be changed, or else a fascist dystopia.

And here's the bit I couldn't put in the talk because it would break the framing device. We've seen a decade-long obsession with lowering entry-barrier at any cost, and although the cost has been enormous I can't really say the obsession is misplaced. Low entry-barrier is the main reason why the Web succeeded over all other hypermedia systems. Low entry-barrier drives adoption. You get adoption first and you deal with the other problems (which will be enormous) down the road.

Well, we're down the road. The bills are coming due. If we want this to go more smoothly next time, we need to stop chasing entry-barrier local minima and come up with a better solution. We need to make change easier so we can make progress faster.

The "machine legibility" problem will still be very difficult, and frankly I can't see a way to a complete solution. But there's cause for optimism: every step forward we've taken so far has illuminated the space a little more and made the next step visible.

It's always been this way. That's how hypermedia works. That's why I called my now-infamous 2008 QCon talk "Justice Will Take Us Millions Of Intricate Moves" (after William Stafford), and that's why I take my motto from a Johnny Cash song that's probably not on most peoples' list of inspirational Johnny Cash songs.

I built it one piece at a time.